Samenvattingen, Aantekeningen en Examens

Define neoadjuvant therapy - correct answersTreatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor Define adjuvant therapy - correct answersAdditional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur 3 subcategories of alkylating agents: - correct answers1. Nitrogen mustards 2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed alkylating agents as they work similarly) 3. Nitrosoureas Common alkylating agents: - correct a...

3 major phases of cell division: - correct answersInterphase Mitotic phase Cytokinesis 3 steps of interphase: - correct answersFirst growth phase (G1) Synthesis phase (S phase) Second growth phase (G2) 4 phases of mitosis: - correct answersProphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Innate immunity: - correct answersNon-specific response, either: 1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut) 2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, macrophages)...

ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate Questions and Answers

When chemotherapy is used before primary treatment (surgery) to reduce the size of a solid tumor, it is called what? - Answer Neoadjuvant Therapy Which of the following class of drugs is cell cycle non-specific and therefore can affect the cancer in any phase of the cell cycle? - Answer Alkylating Agents Mutations in genetic material from exposure to chemotherapy are termed? - Answer Genotoxicity The Vinca Alkaloids act in which phase where they prevent cell division? - Answer M...

Cancer Treatment Goals: - Answer -cure -control -palliation Cancer Treatment - Answer Curative therapy -surgery alone or periods of adjunctive systemic therapy -timeframe to "cure" may differ according to the tumor and its characteristics Control Treatment -initial course and maintain therapy Palliation goal - Answer -relief or control of symptoms -maintain quality of life -palliative care and treatment are not mutually exclusive and can take concurrently Personalized...

Doxorubicin - Answer Cardiotoxic TISSUE VESICANT Baseline MUGA and total dose (CONCERN at 550 mg/m2) URINE=RED IF EXTRAVASATION OCCURS= cool/ice + Totect Idamycin - Answer Cardiotoxic (cardiomyopathy) Bleomycin - Answer AVOID oxygen supplementation Methotrexate - Answer *Leukovorin decreases cytotoxicity* Pemetrexed - Answer Vitamin B12 & folic acid supplements to decrease toxicity Fludarabine - Answer Immunosuppression Thioguanine - Answer Bone Marrow Suppres...

Alkylating agents - Answer Classification Break DNA helix strand, thereby interfering with DNA replication Altretamine (Hexalen) - Answer Alkylating Agent PO Ovarian CA Side effects- nausea, vomiting, skin rash, hypersensitivity reaction, diarrhea Dose limiting - neuro-toxicity, peripheral neuropathy, myelosuppression Bendamustine (Treanda/Bendeka) - Answer Alkylating agent IV CLL or Indolent NHL Side effects- pyrexia, nausea, vomiting, skin reactions, TLS, hepatotoxicity, ve...

Hematologic cancer (blood cancer) - Answer -cancer that begins in bone marrow or immune system cells. -Ex: leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma Leukemia - Answer cancer starts in blood-forming tissues like bone marrow -causes lots of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter bloodstream Lymphoma - Answer -cancer that begins in immune system (WBC=lymphocytes) -hodgkin and non-hodgkins -B lymphocytes (B cells) - make antibodies (bacteria and viruses, most common lymphoma -T ly...

A patient with cancer is considering entering a clinical trial that compares the current standard treatment with an investigational chemotherapeutic agent. This is an example of which phase of a clinical trial? 3 4 1 2 - Answer 3 Answer: Phase 3 clinical trials have a primary goal of establishing efficacy and comparing with the current standard. Reference: Eggert, J. (Ed.). (2017). Cancer basics (2nd ed.). Pittsburgh, PA: Oncology Nursing Society, p. 285(t). What is the sh...

infiltration - Answer passage or escape of IV administered drugs into the tissue extravasation - Answer leakage of drugs capable of causing tissue damage into the subcutaneous or subdermal tissue or other unintended sites. irritation - Answer a localized inflammatory reaction at the infusion or injection site flare reaction - Answer a local allergic reaction along a vein caused by irritating drugs. infusion reactions - Answer reactions mediated by the immune system (hyperse...