Neuroscience Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Where does neuroscience find itself in psychology and biology? What is neuroscience? right in the middle between psych and biology, it is the intersection of biology and psychology. We use the biological bases to understand psychological processes and vice versa. Stuying the function and structure of the brain. Definition of Neuroscience The study of the nervous system, especially the brain. The study of neural bases (bio) of behavior and mental processes (psych). Different levels of analy...

Action potential The electrical signal conducted along axons (or muscle fibers) by which information is conveyed from one place to another in the nervous system Afferent A neuron or axon that conducts action potentials from the periphery toward the central nervous system. Anterograde Signals or impulses that travel "forward," e.g., from the cell body to the axon terminal, from the presynaptic terminal to the postsynaptic cell, or from the CNS to the periphery. associational systems Ne...

What makes up the central nervous system? Brain and spinal cord What makes up the peripheral nervous system? CN and ganglia Spinal nerves and ganglia Enteric nervous system Sympathetic and parasympathetic What are the 5 steps of embryological development of the nervous system? Neurulation Cell proliferation Migration and aggregation Formation of axonal and dendritic processes Synatopgenesis What is neurulation? Formation of the neural crest and neural tube (1st s...

Glia Cells in the nervous system that support the activities of neurons Neuron A cell of the nervous system that is specialized for information processing and communication Macroglia Large glial cells Astrocyte Structural support, nourishment, endfeet (blood-brain barrier), support and form synapses Oligodendrocyte Form myelin sheath and wrap more than one neuron at a time; block CNS repair by forming scars Schwann Cells Form myelin sheath and wrap only one at a time; promote repa...

Synapses transmit... info across neuron to neuron motoneurons large w/ large axons to stimulate muscles sensory neurons respond to environmental stimuli (such as touch, odor) interneurons connectors - send and receive input to other neurons What are the three types of neurons? motoneurons, sensory, and interneurons What are the three shapes of neurons? Multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar Multipolar 1 axon, many dendrites, most common Bipolar 1 axon, 1 dendrite Unipolar Sing...

myelin sheath covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses Axon transmits information from the soma to other cells in the body. soma determines if the neuron will send message nucleus biochemical information to keep neuron functioning dendrites receive messages from other cells central nervous system brain and spinal cord Spinal Cord a column of nerves between the brain and peripheral nervous system brain The mass of nerve tissue that is the main control c...

None of the above = pons To relay the sensory information to the cerebellum and thalamus and contain viscera somatic and motor C Which of the following are true about the CEREBELLUM? a. the cerebellum relays information to the thalamus b. relay c. coordinate complex motor behaviors Myelencephalon The secondary brain vesicle at 6 weeks which originates the medulla oblongata Metencephalon Which region of the adult brain originates the cerebellum False, the nerves are part of the PN...

Diffusion: A. Carries particles away from equilibrium B. Requires energy c. occurs due to random motion of particles d. is a type of active transport e. only occurs in biological systems c. Diffusion occurs due to random motion of particles The Nernst equation a. Calculates equilibrium potential across the membrane b. Takes into account ionic concentration c. Does not take into account the permeability of the membrane d. Both a and b e. All of the above e. The nernst equation calcul...

1. The neuron doctrine states that a) Neurites are fused together to form a continuous network b) Neurites are not continuous and communicate by contact c) Neurons must contain a soma, an axon, and dendrites d) DNA is transcribed to mRNA which is translated into protein b) Neurites are not continuous and communicate by contact 2. Golgi and Ramon y Cajal disagreed over the neuron doctrine; their argument was not resolved until the advent of the electron microscope because: a) Synapse...

components of the CNS are? a. brain stem b. spinal cord c. medulla oblongata d. A and B e. all of the above e loss of sensation to the lateral foot and ankle is due to damage to which dermatome level? s1 a punch leads to a ___ injury focal repeat concussion are ___ injuries diffuse hypothalamus is connected to the ___ gland pituitary ___ and ___ cranial nerves are contralateral, while the rest are ipsilateral a. optic; oculomotor b. optic; trochlear c. oculomotor; trochlea...