IB Psychology Paper 1 SOCIOCULTURAL Approach

Tajfel and Turner (1979) (SIT)

Antwoord: Description: Conflict is caused by our desire to create a positive social identity. To do this we view out-groups negatively and in-groups positively. Evidence: - Cialdini (1976) (BIRGing) - Tajfel et al. (1971) (minimal group paradigm) Applications: politics, celebrity advertising, conflict/cooperation, anti-racism campaigns.

Cialdini et al. (1976)

Antwoord: Aim- To determine the effect of social identity theory on college football supporters. Methods - After a football match, Cialdini recorded how many people wore college sweaters. Results - The supporters of the winning team were more likely to be seen wearing supporters clothing than the losing team. Lost = \"they\", won = \"we\". Conclusion- our need for positive self-concept is achieved through group affiliations.

Park and Rothbart (1982)

Antwoord: A: To study in-group bias and out-group homogeneity efect. M: 10 dimensions, 3 sororities, questionnaire to rank the other 2 sororities within the 10 dimensions. R: For the more positive characteristics, they ranked themselves higher than the other groups, but voted lower for the more unfavourable characteristics (for teh two other sororities) Conclusion: shows in-group bias and out-group homogeneity effect.

Bandura\'s Social Cognitive Theory

Antwoord: TRD: The complex interaction of three factors within the triadic reciprocal determinism triangle, which include the individual\'s behaviour, internal factors and their environment. Learning: The human brain learns by viewing others. Applications: violence on TV, teaching parents and others how to refrain from letting kids watch that kind of action, prosocial behaviour on TV, etc.

Bandura, Ross and Ross (1961)

Antwoord: A: to determine the effects of TV violence on children. M: matched pairs design, one kid watched a role model be violent with the doll while the other watched a non-violent role model. R: the children ended up imitating what the adults were doing. Apps: Conditioning is not the only way to teach children, since they learn more by viewing others.

Joy, Kimball and Zabrack (1986)

Antwoord: A: to study the impact of television on children\'s aggressive behaviour. M: Psychologists observed physical and verbal behaviour on the children\'s playground. R: aggressive behaviour in one of the three towns increased from 73% to 75% after TV was introduced, males were more physically aggressive than females. Apps: teaching parents and others how to refrain from letting kids watch that kind of action, etc.

Sabido Method

Antwoord: • A method for designing and producing radio and television dramas that aims to change people\'s behavior. - Used a soap opera to portray the use of birth control and, thus, the usee of birth control in the country increased significantly.