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Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
Why are urban areas (cities) more hot?
Answer: - Artificial surfaces (tar, cement, glass) absorb more heat - Artificial heating (air conditioners) emit more heat - High rise buildings have a larger surface area, thus absorbing more heat - Water is transported in drains and pipes and less vegetation is present - Polluted air cools slower at night
2.
Why are urban areas (cities) less humid?
Answer: - Water is carried away in stormwater drains, thus less evaporation occurs - Fewer plants, thus less water vapour, resulting in no form of transpiration
3.
Why is there more precipitation in urban areas?
Answer: - Hygroscopic nuclei (salt; dust; smoke) allows condensation to occur - Pollution increases rate of condensation - Hot air causes strong upward convection currents, allowing thunderstorms to commonly occur
4.
What are pollution domes and how do they occur?
Answer: Pollution domes are orange in colour and consist of various toxins found in the atmosphere in urban areas. Such toxins include the presence of nitrous oxide (causing the orange colour), carbon monoxide which is emitted by vehicle exhausts as well as sulphur and carbon dioxide being emitted via the burning of fossil fuels - All of which become trapped in the inversion later, creating a pollution dome above the city. This is more common in Winter as inversion layers are more frequent. Therefore cities have a higher percentage of pollution in Winter.
5.
What type of wind(s) occur in a valley during the day?
Answer: Anabatic winds that consist of an upslope wind and a valley wind
6.
What type of wind(s) occur within a valley during the evening/night?
Answer: Katabatic winds that consist of a downslope wind and a mountain wind
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