Nucleophile Study guides, Class notes & Summaries
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AQA AS CHEMISTRY 7404/2 Paper 2 Organic and Physical Chemistry Question Paper + Mark scheme [MERGED] June 2022 *JUN227404201* IB/M/Jun22/E7 7404/2 For Examiner’s Use Question Mark 1
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AQA 
AS 
CHEMISTRY 
7404/2 
Paper 2 Organic and Physical Chemistry 
Question Paper + Mark scheme [MERGED] 
June 2022 
*JUN* 
IB/M/Jun22/E7 7404/2 
For Examiner’s Use 
Question Mark 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
Section B 
TOTAL 
Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes 
Materials 
For this paper you must have: 
• the Periodic Table/Data Sheet, provided as an insert (enclosed) 
• a ruler with millimetre measurements 
• a scientific calculator, which you are expected to use where appropriate. 
Instructions...
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OCR CHEMISTRY A LEVEL WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Haloalkane to nitrile - ANSWER-nucleophilic substitution ethanolic NaCN or KCN heat Haloalkane to primary amine (also makes NH4X) - ANSWER-Nucleophilic substitution Excess ethanolic NH3 with no further s
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OCR CHEMISTRY A LEVEL WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 
 
Haloalkane to nitrile - ANSWER-nucleophilic substitution 
 
ethanolic NaCN or KCN 
 
heat 
 
Haloalkane to primary amine (also makes NH4X) - ANSWER-Nucleophilic substitution 
 
Excess ethanolic NH3 with no further substitution 
 
HEAT under PRESSURE 
 
acyl chloride/acid anhydride to SECONDARY amide - ANSWER-Nucleophilic substitution 
 
primary amine 
 
Acyl chloride/acid anhydride to PRIMARY amide - ANSWER-Nucleophilic substitution 
 
Alkene t...
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OCR CHEMISTRY A LEVEL WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Haloalkane to nitrile - ANSWER-nucleophilic substitution ethanolic NaCN or KCN heat Haloalkane to primary amine (also makes NH4X) - ANSWER-Nucleophilic substitution Excess ethanolic NH3 with no
- Exam (elaborations) • 9 pages • 2024
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OCR CHEMISTRY A LEVEL WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 
 
 
 
Haloalkane to nitrile - ANSWER-nucleophilic substitution 
 
 
 
ethanolic NaCN or KCN 
 
 
 
heat 
 
 
 
Haloalkane to primary amine (also makes NH4X) - ANSWER-Nucleophilic substitution 
 
 
 
Excess ethanolic NH3 with no further substitution 
 
 
 
HEAT under PRESSURE 
 
 
 
acyl chloride/acid anhydride to SECONDARY amide - ANSWER-Nucleophilic substitution 
 
 
 
primary amine 
 
 
 
Acyl chloride/acid anhydride to PRIMARY amide - ANSWER-Nu...
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OCR CHEMISTRY A LEVEL WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Haloalkane to nitrile - ANSWER-nucleophilic substitution ethanolic NaCN or KCN heat Haloalkane to primary amine (also makes NH4X) - ANSWER-Nucleophilic substitution Excess ethanolic NH3 with no
- Exam (elaborations) • 9 pages • 2024
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OCR CHEMISTRY A LEVEL WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 
 
 
 
Haloalkane to nitrile - ANSWER-nucleophilic substitution 
 
 
 
ethanolic NaCN or KCN 
 
 
 
heat 
 
 
 
Haloalkane to primary amine (also makes NH4X) - ANSWER-Nucleophilic substitution 
 
 
 
Excess ethanolic NH3 with no further substitution 
 
 
 
HEAT under PRESSURE 
 
 
 
acyl chloride/acid anhydride to SECONDARY amide - ANSWER-Nucleophilic substitution 
 
 
 
primary amine 
 
 
 
Acyl chloride/acid anhydride to PRIMARY amide - ANSWER-Nu...
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OCR CHEMISTRY A LEVEL WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Haloalkane to nitrile - ANSWER-nucleophilic substitution ethanolic NaCN or KCN heat Haloalkane to primary amine (also makes NH4X) - ANSWER-Nucleophilic substitution Excess ethanolic NH3 with no
- Exam (elaborations) • 9 pages • 2024
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OCR CHEMISTRY A LEVEL WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 
 
 
 
Haloalkane to nitrile - ANSWER-nucleophilic substitution 
 
 
 
ethanolic NaCN or KCN 
 
 
 
heat 
 
 
 
Haloalkane to primary amine (also makes NH4X) - ANSWER-Nucleophilic substitution 
 
 
 
Excess ethanolic NH3 with no further substitution 
 
 
 
HEAT under PRESSURE 
 
 
 
acyl chloride/acid anhydride to SECONDARY amide - ANSWER-Nucleophilic substitution 
 
 
 
primary amine 
 
 
 
Acyl chloride/acid anhydride to PRIMARY amide - ANSWER-Nu...
And that's how you make extra money
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BCH 403 Exam 2 Questions with Complete Solutions
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Why are enzymes really good catalysts? Correct Answer-Because enzyme active sites have evolved to catalyze reactions with maximum efficiency by using several catalytic mechanisms simultaneously 
 
Enzymes exhibit maximal activity under what kind of conditions? Correct Answer-Mild conditions, like conditions that exist in cells. 
 
Why are enzymes categorized as being extremely specific? Correct Answer-Because an enzyme usually catalyzes ONLY the reaction involving "its" substrate, even though ...
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Chem 210 – Reactions Questions 100% Solved!!
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Reagent = Nucleophile Only - ANSWER1° = Sn2 
2° = Sn2 
3° = Sn1 + E1 (polar medium necessary) 
 
Reagent = Strong Nucleophile & Strong Base - ANSWER1° = Sn2 
2° = E2 
3° = E2 
 
Reagent = Weak Nucleophile and Weak Base - ANSWER1°/2° = No Reaction 
3°/resonance stabilized carbocation = Sn1 + E1 (polar medium necessry 
 
Reagent = Base Only - ANSWER1° = E2 or Sn2 (if unhindered and no beta-hydrogen with unhindered base) 
2° = E2 
3° = E2 
 
Examples of Only Nucleophiles - ANSWERCl⁻, ...
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Chem 210 Exam 3 Questions and Correct Answers, With Complete Solution.
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Chem 210 Exam 3 Questions and Correct Answers, With Complete Solution. 
 
what face of the pi bond can EAR occur from? 
either face 
how many products do EARs on an alkene form? 
4 stereoisomeric products 
Brainpower 
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in a substitution rxn, what does H-O act as? 
nucleophile and replaces LG 
in an elimination rxn, what does H-O acts as? 
base and abstracts BH atom 
what is a requirement for elimination rxns? 
beta hydrogen 
what is a requirement for substitution rxns? 
leaving group 
...
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Chem 210 – Reactions Questions 100% Answered!!
- Exam (elaborations) • 6 pages • 2024
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Chem 210 – Reactions Questions 100% Answered!! 
Reagent = Nucleophile Only - ANSWER1° = Sn2 
2° = Sn2 
3° = Sn1 + E1 (polar medium necessary) 
 
Reagent = Strong Nucleophile & Strong Base - ANSWER1° = Sn2 
2° = E2 
3° = E2 
 
Reagent = Weak Nucleophile and Weak Base - ANSWER1°/2° = No Reaction 
3°/resonance stabilized carbocation = Sn1 + E1 (polar medium necessry 
 
Reagent = Base Only - ANSWER1° = E2 or Sn2 (if unhindered and no beta-hydrogen with unhindered base) 
2° = E2 
3° = E...
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Chem 210 Exam 3 Questions & Answers(GRADED A+)
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what factors explain the outcomes of reactions? - ANSWERhybridization, delocalization, eN, atom density 
 
what is a leaving group? - ANSWER- group of atom(s) that can be stable on its own 
- eN atoms that are good LG also make strong acids 
 
what is the α carbon? - ANSWERC directly attached to leaving group 
 
what are β Cs? β Hs? - ANSWERβC: C(s) attached to α carbon 
βH: H(s) attached to βC 
 
what is a LB? is it a nucleophile or electrophile? - ANSWERlewis base, nucleophile 
 
what i...
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