Molecular Biology

This document summarises the scientific application of DNA cloning. It describes the uses of cloning such as transgenic mice, knockout mice, agriculture, and medicine

This document summarises the basic of DNA cloning. It describes the mechanism of gene cloning, bacterial transformation, screening for recombinants, vectors, genomic library cloning, and cDNA library cloning.

This document summarises the secondary structure of DNA. It describes the elemental composition of DNA, Watson-Crick base pairing, B form DNA, and DNA geometry.

This document summarises the genetics behind complex traits.

This document summarises the detailed mechanism of DNA replication. It explains DNA replication mechanism, function, proteins/enzymes involved in replication, problems of DNA synthesis, process of lagging strand synthesis, DNA polymerase III, mechanism ensuring the accuracy of DNA replication.

This document summarises the fundamentals of protein transcription. It explains RNA polymerase, detailed mechanism of transcription, prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription, and RNA processing.

This document summarises the mechanism of protein translation in detail. It discusses the genetic code, properties of tRNA, tRNA synthetases, ribosomes, mechanism of translation (initiation, elongation and termination.

This document summarises the basics of gel electrophoresis, why we use it and the mechanism.

This document summarises the fundamentals of DNA hybridisation. It includes DNA denaturation, renaturation, hypochromic/hyperchromic effect, melting temperature, renaturation curves, and DNA sequencing.